8. Practice - air quality usa vs india

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india air quality.csv

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usa air quality.csv

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Comparative Analytics

Comparative Analytics is used to compare between two or more data. Suppose you work for Government and you are asked to compare AQI Between USA and India. You are Given Dataset of USA and INDIA states.

USA air quality Data

Dataset load (pandas):

udf = pd.read_csv('usa air quality.csv')
udf

USA data (excerpt):

	City	AQI	Country
0	Alabama	46	USA
1	Alaska	44	USA
2	Arizona	65	USA
3	Arkansas	81	USA
4	California	50	USA
5	Colorado	34	USA
6	Connecticut	36	USA
7	Delaware	34	USA
8	District of Columbia	23	USA
9	Florida	38	USA
10	Georgia	52	USA
11	Hawaii	25	USA
12	Idaho	54	USA
13	Illinois	36	USA
14	Indiana	30	USA
15	Iowa	46	USA
16	Kansas	64	USA
17	Kentucky	40	USA
18	Louisiana	39	USA
19	Maine	33	USA
20	Maryland	32	USA
21	Massachusetts	35	USA
22	Michigan	23	USA
23	Minnesota	26	USA
24	Mississippi	44	USA
25	Missouri	69	USA
26	Montana	38	USA
27	Nebraska	57	USA
28	Nevada	58	USA
29	New Hampshire	29	USA
30	New Jersey	39	USA
31	New Mexico	43	USA
32	New York	34	USA
33	North Carolina	46	USA
34	North Dakota	18	USA
35	Ohio	27	USA
36	Oklahoma	44	USA
37	Oregon	63	USA
38	Pennsylvania	29	USA
39	Rhode Island	49	USA
40	South Carolina	54	USA
41	South Dakota	41	USA
42	Tennessee	54	USA
43	Texas	43	USA
44	Utah	31	USA
45	Vermont	32	USA
46	Virginia	30	USA
47	Washington	58	USA
48	West Virginia	34	USA
49	Wisconsin	20	USA
50	Wyoming	30	USA

India Air Quality Data

Dataset load (pandas):

idf = pd.read_csv('india air quality.csv')
idf

India data (excerpt):

	State	AQI	Country
0	Andhra Pradesh	131	India
1	Arunachal Pradesh	38	India
2	Assam	119	India
3	Bihar	132	India
4	Chandigarh	92	India
5	Chhattisgarh	121	India
6	Dadra And Nagar Haveli	173	India
7	Dadra And Nagar Haveli And Daman And Diu	107	India
8	Daman And Diu	95	India
9	Delhi	389	India
10	Goa	85	India
11	Gujarat	98	India
12	Haryana	360	India
13	Himachal Pradesh	62	India
14	Jammu And Kashmir	111	India
15	Jharkhand	181	India
16	Karnataka	77	India
17	Kerala	89	India
18	Madhya Pradesh	152	India
19	Maharashtra	162	India
20	Manipur	22	India
21	Meghalaya	20	India
22	Mizoram	35	India
23	Nagaland	10	India
24	Odisha	140	India
25	Puducherry	95	India
26	Punjab	231	India
27	Rajasthan	200	India
28	Sikkim	12	India
29	Tamil Nadu	127	India
30	Telangana	92	India
31	Tripura	54	India
32	Uttar Pradesh	303	India
33	Uttarakhand	57	India
34	West Bengal	221	India

Comparative Analysis — Steps

1

Compare with Mean

Commands:

india_avg_aqi = idf['AQI'].mean()
usa_avg_aqi = udf['AQI'].mean()
india_avg_aqi, usa_avg_aqi

Output:

(125.51428571428572, 41.1764705882353)

Insight: India has an average AQI ≈ 125.5, which is much higher than the USA average ≈ 41.2.

2

Compare with Median

Commands:

india_median_aqi = idf['AQI'].median()
usa_median_aqi = udf['AQI'].median()
india_median_aqi, usa_median_aqi

Output:

(107.0, 39.0)

Insight: 50% of Indian states have AQI below/above 107, while 50% of US states are below/above 39 — indicating a consistent disparity.

3

Compare with Mode

Commands:

most_frequent_india_aqi = idf['AQI'].mode()
most_frequent_usa_aqi = udf['AQI'].mode()
most_frequent_india_aqi, most_frequent_usa_aqi

Output:

India mode: 92 and 95 USA mode: 34

Insight: India's most frequent AQI values (92, 95) are substantially higher than the USA's (34).

4

Compare with Max and Min

Commands and outputs:

max_india_aqi = idf['AQI'].max()
max_usa_aqi = udf['AQI'].max()
max_india_aqi, max_usa_aqi

Output: (389, 81)

India max row:

idf.loc[idf['AQI'] == idf['AQI'].max()]

Result: Delhi — 389

USA max row:

udf.loc[udf['AQI'] == udf['AQI'].max()]

Result: Arkansas — 81

Minimums:

min_india_aqi = idf['AQI'].min()
min_usa_aqi = udf['AQI'].min()
min_india_aqi, min_usa_aqi

Output: (10, 18)

India min row: Nagaland — 10 USA min row: North Dakota — 18

Insight: India's worst (Delhi: 389) far exceeds USA's worst (Arkansas: 81). India's cleanest (Nagaland: 10) is slightly better than USA's cleanest (North Dakota: 18).

5

Top 5 Most Concerning — India and USA

Commands:

top_idf = idf.sort_values('AQI', ascending=False).head()
top_udf = udf.sort_values('AQI', ascending=False).head()
top_idf, top_udf

Top 5 — India:

State	AQI
Delhi	389
Haryana	360
Uttar Pradesh	303
Punjab	231
West Bengal	221

Top 5 — USA:

City (State)	AQI
Arkansas	81
Missouri	69
Arizona	65
Kansas	64
Oregon	63

Insight: India's 5th worst (West Bengal: 221) has 2.7x higher AQI than the USA's worst (Arkansas: 81).

6

Conclusion: Comparative Summary

Comparative Analysis: Air Quality (India vs USA)

Key Findings

Central Tendency Comparison:

• Average AQI: India (125.5) is approximately 3x higher than USA (41.2)

• Median AQI: India (107) versus USA (39) - indicating consistent disparity across both countries

• Most Frequent AQI: India's most common values (92, 95) are nearly 3x higher than USA's (34)

Extremes Analysis:

• Maximum AQI: India's worst performer (Delhi: 389) is 4.8x higher than USA's worst (Arkansas: 81)

• Minimum AQI: India's cleanest state (Nagaland: 10) is slightly better than USA's cleanest (North Dakota: 18)

Top Polluted Regions:

• India's Top 5 Worst: Delhi (389), Haryana (360), Uttar Pradesh (303), Punjab (231), West Bengal (221)

• USA's Top 5 Worst: Arkansas (81), Missouri (69), Arizona (65), Kansas (64), Oregon (63)

• India's 5th worst state (West Bengal: 221) has 2.7x higher AQI than USA's worst state (Arkansas: 81)

Conclusion

India faces significantly more severe air quality challenges compared to the USA across all statistical measures. While both countries have regions with relatively clean air (minimum AQI values are comparable), India's overall pollution levels are substantially higher, with average, median, and maximum AQI values being 3-5 times worse than the USA. The concentration of extremely high AQI values in India's northern states (Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab) represents a critical public health concern that far exceeds any air quality issues observed in US states.